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Pastor Scott L. Harris
Grace Bible Church, NY
April 13, 2025
◘The Throne Room of God
Revelation 4:1-11
Introduction
I trust that our studies in Revelation so far have been helpful to you and especially examining carefully Jesus’ letters to the seven churches. Though they were written to specific churches in specific places dealing with specific issues, each contains principles that all Christians and churches throughout time and around the world need to pay attention to and heed as indicated by the conclusion of each letter: “He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches.” If you can recognize similarities between what is in the letters in yourself or your church, then be encouraged by the commendations given about what was good and being done right. Take to heart the condemnations and warnings about what was bad and being done wrong and apply the corrections given. Have hope because of the promises given to those who repent. Rejoice in the promises given to the overcomer concerning the future millennial reign of Christ and eternity. (See: Ephesus, Orthodox but Lacking Love)
◘Revelation 4:1-11
This morning we turn out attention to the third section of the Apocalypse which begins in chapter 4. Please follow along as I read. We will then come back and examine each section in greater detail. 1 After these things I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven, and the first voice which I had heard, like the sound of a trumpet speaking with me, said, “Come up here, and I will show you what must take place after these things.” 2 Immediately I was in the Spirit; and behold, a throne was standing in heaven, and One sitting on the throne. 3 And He who was sitting was like a jasper stone and a sardius in appearance; and there was a rainbow around the throne, like an emerald in appearance. 4 Around the throne were twenty-four thrones; and upon the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting, clothed in white garments, and golden crowns on their heads. 5 Out from the throne come flashes of lightning and sounds and peals of thunder. And there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God; 6 and before the throne there was something like a sea of glass, like crystal; and in the center and around the throne, four living creatures full of eyes in front and behind. 7 The first creature was like a lion, and the second creature like a calf, and the third creature had a face like that of a man, and the fourth creature was like a flying eagle. 8 And the four living creatures, each one of them having six wings, are full of eyes around and within; and day and night they do not cease to say, “Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God, the Almighty, who was and who is and who is to come.” 9 And when the living creatures give glory and honor and thanks to Him who sits on the throne, to Him who lives forever and ever, 10 the twenty-four elders will fall down before Him who sits on the throne, and will worship Him who lives forever and ever, and will cast their crowns before the throne, saying, 11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and our God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and because of Your will they existed, and were created.”
◘What John Experienced – Revelation 4:1-2a
A Door & A Voice. Verse 1 begins with John stating when this new section begins. 1 “After these things” indicates that what he is now going to write about occurs right after obeying Jesus’ commands to write down each letter to the seven churches as it was dictated to him (2:1, 8, 12, 18; 3:1, 7, 14).
◘John then states, “I looked, and behold, a door standing open in heaven.” John’s prophetic vision had been focused on writing down the letters to the churches that the glorified Jesus was dictating to him. That being done he sees a new object which changes his focus of attention from what was earthly to what is heavenly. The grammar here (perfect passive participle) indicates this door had been previously opened and left open. The heaven in which this door is located is neither the atmosphere nor the celestial heaven for the rest of the chapter describes this as the dwelling place of God. That is what Paul was referring to in 2 Corinthians 12:2 when he said he “was caught up to the third heaven.”
◘John sees the open door and then hears “the first voice which I had heard, like the sound of a trumpet speaking with me.” John identifies this voice as the same one he heard in 1:10 which was also loud like a trumpet. As we noted in the sermon on that passage, this is the Lord Jesus Christ in His glory. Such a loud voice would certainly get your attention, and John next notes the command given to him. (See: John’s Salutation & Commission)
◘The Command & The Revelation
“Come up here, and I will show you what must take place after these things.”2 Immediately I was in the Spirit.” ◘Some claim that this is a reference to the rapture of the church since the command is given prior to the events about to be described and the church is not mentioned again until Rev. 22:16 in the epilogue of the book. Since there is no specific mention of the rapture in Revelation, this then would be a good place to put it. However, here are three quick reasons why this is not referring to the rapture. 1) This is a command given only to John and not the church. 2) This concerns revelation that will be given to John and not the glorification of the bodies of the redeemed in the church. 3) John’s physical body remains on Patmos and only his spirit ascends to heaven as noted in verse 2.
John is in the same condition as he was in Revelation 1:10 when he was in the spirit on the Lord’s day and saw the vision of the glorified Christ and received the letters to the seven churches. ◘Apparently John returned to a normal state and then soon after sees the vision of the door in heaven and then ascends in the spirit to heaven. This would be the similar to or perhaps the same as the experience Paul described in 2 Corinthians 12:1-2 of being caught up to the third heaven. There will be at least two more times when John will be “carried away in the Spirit” (Rev. 17:3 & 21:10).
Jesus specifically calls John to heaven to show him “what must take place after these things.” That phrase comes directly from Revelation 1:19 which marks the third section of the Apocalypse. Revelation 1 covered the things which John saw in his first vision of the glorified Christ. Revelation 2-3 are Jesus’ letters to the seven churches concerning their current condition with commendations, condemnations, commands and promises given to each. ◘The “after these things” refers then to what occurs after the present time of the messages in those letters and not just the next occurrence in the sequence of what John experienced. After John is given this command, he is immediately in the Spirit and taken to Heaven which is the necessary vantage place to see what Jesus is going to reveal to him about what would happen in the future.
◘The Throne & He Who Was Sitting on It – Revelation 4:2b-3
The Location – The next phrase of the verse calls attention to what John sees next in his state of being “in the spirit” – “and behold, a throne was standing in heaven.” As the passage continues on it becomes clear that this is the throne of God which is going to be mentioned another 35 times in Revelation, eleven times in this chapter alone. The throne of God is also referred to many times in the Hebrew Scriptures. From these other reference we understand that this is a throne from which Yahweh pronounces judgment (Psalm 9:4-8; 45:6-7; Hebrew 1:8; Revelation 20:11-15). ◘This heavenly throne is described as being within the heavenly temple (Psalm 11:4; Isaiah 6:1) though heaven itself is also described as Yahweh’s throne (Psalm 11:4; Isa. 66:1). Keep in mind that physical descriptions of spiritual realities are a concession to us in trying to give us some idea of the nature of what is being described that is beyond our physical experiences. Revelation 7:15, 16:17 describe this throne being in God’s temple with 8:3 describing the golden altar before the throne and 11:19 describing the ark of the covenant being in this temple. Putting these elements together we then understand the image John sees is of God’s throne set in His temple in heaven.
◘The One Sitting on the Throne. John next describes the “One sitting on the throne. 3 And He who was sitting was like a jasper stone and a sardius in appearance.” Again, as further descriptions are added later in the passage and book it becomes clear that ◘the One sitting on this throne is God the Father since He is distinguished from the Lamb in 5:5,7; 6:16 & 7:10 and from the Spirit in 4:5. Sitting on a throne is not a position of rest but one of actively reigning as the Sovereign receives homage from His subjects, issues commands to His servants, and makes judgment on the matters brought before Him.
The descriptions given next are those of His glory using two particular similes, He was “like a jasper stone and sardius in appearance.” While that may simply be John’s attempt to describe what he is seeing, the fact that Revelation 1:1 uses the term shmaivnw / sāmainō, meaning “to cause something to be both specific and clear,” “to give a sign,” to describe the revelation being transmitted to John, these details have some symbolic significance though that may be difficult for us to determine. The first difficulty is determining what exactly the references are to. ◘The term “jasper” is currently used for an opaque stone that occurs in several different colors. The Greek term used here translated as jasper (i[aspiV / iaspis) is also used in Revelation 21:11 where it is described as being very costly and crystal clear. That may be a diamond or something similar. ◘The second stone, the sardius, is a fiery, deep red stone for which the city of Sardis was named. There is a lot of speculation about the symbolic meaning of these two stones, ◘but probably the best suggestion is that it is the holiness and justice of God since the same mixture of white light and fire is common in Old Testament and apocalyptic visions of divine majesty such as Ezekiel 8:2, Daniel 7:9 and Revelation 1:14-16. This then is a picture of the holy God on His throne being full of wrath and about to judge sinful mankind. The next description adds to this scene.
◘The Rainbow. “and there was a rainbow around the throne, like an emerald in appearance.” We tend to think of a rainbow as only a portion of an arc, but that is only because of our location on the ground in seeing it. If you were in a plane you would see that a rainbow is a full circle and the particular word used here indicates that is what John saw which should be expected since he is seeing it from the perspective of being in heaven. This bow is unusual in that it is green like an emerald in appearance, but since it is not caused by rain refracting light into its full spectrum of colors that actually should not be expected. ◘Think of this as a halo surrounding the throne that is of various shades of green but dominated by an emerald color.
The rainbow makes its first appearance in Genesis 9 as the sign of God’s covenant with Noah that He would not again destroy all flesh by a flood. ◘It continues to be a reminder of both God’s judgment and mercy which is a reoccurring theme throughout the Scriptures. God is holy and in His wrath will judge sinners, yet He is also merciful extending His grace to the humble. This green rainbow around the throne is the symbol of hope that in the midst of the His wrath which will be poured out in the pages of the prophecy to come, He is yet still also a God of mercy for He does not forget His promises.
◘Around the Throne – Revelation 4:4
Verse 4 continues with a description of what John saw around the throne. 4 “Around the throne were twenty-four thrones; and upon the thrones I saw twenty-four elders sitting, clothed in white garments, and golden crowns on their heads.” ◘There is no further description of these twenty-four thrones other than that they were positioned in subordinate positions around God’s throne and thus encircling it. There is much debate about the identity of the twenty-four elders that sit on the thrones and whether they are human or angels and exactly which humans or angels they might be. ◘Before looking at some of these arguments it must be pointed out that as used here the term elder (presbutevrouV / presbyterous) denotes an official office or position and not a reference to being of an older age.
In favor of these being humans is the following. ◘1) The term elder is used only for men with perhaps the exception of Isaiah 24:23 where it is used of a heavenly assembly. ◘2) In Revelation white clothing is generally associated with the saints. ◘3) The golden crowns are stevfanoV / stephanos, wreaths of victory or honor which are generally associated with redeemed men. ◘4) White robes, crowns and thrones are all included in what will be given to the overcomers promised in the seven letters to the churches. ◘5) These same elders are later found singing a new song of redemption and that would be associated with humans. ◘6) The number twenty-four could be associated with the twelve patriarchs plus the twelve apostles, or the twelve tribes of Israel plus the twelve apostles or the twenty-four orders of priests all of which are human.
In favor of these angelic beings of some type are: ◘1) Isaiah 24:23 indicates the term elder could be used for an angelic assembly. ◘2) Angels also appear in white clothing (John 20:12; Acts 1:10). ◘3) Golden crowns could denote royal dignity of those around God on His throne (1 Kings 22:19; Psalm 89:7), ◘4) Angels are not prohibited from singing and Job 38:7 may indicate they can. ◘5) The four living beings which are angels of some sort also take part in the new song in Revelation 5. ◘6) These elders are already seated on thrones and men will not be so seated until a later point in the future (20:4). ◘7) The strongest argument that these twenty-four elders are another class of angelic beings is that they are classed with and yet distinct from other angelic beings while also being distinguished from the saints (7:13-14; 14:3; 19:4-8). ◘8) In Revelation 7:13-14 it is “one of the elders” that is distinguished from the great multitude that reveals to John the meaning of the heavenly vision he is seeing. That is an action reserved for either angels or Jesus Himself throughout Revelation. The conclusion then is that these are a class of angels that are part of the heavenly host that are regularly described or alluded to in visions of heaven as being near God on His throne (1 Kings 22:19; Psalm 89:7; Isaiah 24:23).
Whatever view you take about the identity of these twenty-four elders, it is clear that they are subordinate to God and their purpose is to serve, worship and glorify Him. This will include casting their golden crowns before God’s throne (4:10).
◘From Out of the Throne – Revelation 4:5a
Verse 5 adds to the frightening majesty of the scene by describing what emanates from the throne. 5 “Out from the throne come flashes of lightning and sounds and peals of thunder.” ◘Such displays occur again in Revelation in conjunction with the seventh seal, the seventh trumpet and the seventh bowl of wrath (8:5; 11:19; 16:18). ◘This is similar to when Moses met with God on Mount Sinai and the display caused the people in the camp far below to tremble (Exodus 19:16). These sights and sounds coming from God’s throne further add to it being a place of His judgment from which His wrath will proceed.
◘Before the Throne – Revelation 4:5b-6a
The Seven Lamps. The next descriptions in verses 5-6 are what is before the throne. “And there were seven lamps of fire burning before the throne, which are the seven Spirits of God.” ◘The phrase “lamps of fire burning” could be described as torches burning brightly for they are made of resinous pine or dry twigs covered with pitch and used outdoors. These are positions before, or in front of the throne. The fire here as throughout Revelation points to judgment. ◘The text specifically reveals that the seven Spirits of God are the reality of the symbolism. We have discussed this before in the sermons covering 1:4 and 3:1. ◘The seven Spirits are a reference to the Holy Spirit with the seven probably alluding to the seven characteristics ascribed to Him in Isaiah 11:2-5 – The Spirit of Yahweh, wisdom, understanding, counsel, strength, knowledge and fear of Yahweh.
◘The Something. John next describes an object that is in front of the throne that he has not seen before, 6 “and before the throne there was something like a sea of glass, like crystal.” There is a wide variety of speculation in commentaries about this and especially among those that use allegorical interpretation. However, the description can give us some idea about it and its meaning even if we cannot be absolutely positive. ◘1) This object adds to the formidable magnificence of this scene of the throne of God. ◘2) It places a distance between John and the throne which stresses the holiness of God for He is separate from His creatures. 3) Glass in the ancient world was hazy at best so John further described this glass as being “like crystal” with the word crystal coming from a root that can refer to ice. ◘The combination gives the sense that it is smooth & clear and so it would be reflective of the lightning coming from the throne. ◘4) Sea is a generic term that refers to a body of water, but this cannot be too large or John would be too distant to describe what is before and around the throne. If this is an allusion to the “sea” made of cast metal used in Solomon’s temple to hold water for cleansing rituals, then this also carries an idea of purification. Taken in total this would be an object adding to the majesty of the scene and which separates man from God and points to the need to be purified to come before Him.
◘The Living Beings – Revelation 4:6b-8
John next describes four unusual living beings and their activity.
Their Position & Appearance (6b-8a). “And in the center and around the throne, four living creatures full of eyes in front and behind. 7 The first creature was like a lion, and the second creature like a calf, and the third creature had a face like that of a man, and the fourth creature was like a flying eagle. 8 And the four living creatures, each one of them having six wings, are full of eyes around and within.”
These four living creatures are certainly creatures in that they were created by God, but because they are neither animals nor man I am going to refer to them as living beings as are the similar living beings described in Ezekiel 1:5, 13. John describes certain features of these being directly. ◘First, their location is center and around the throne which indicates that they are in close proximity to the throne with one being on either side, another behind and the fourth in front of it. ◘Second, each is “full of eyes in front and behind,” and each has “six wings” which are “full of eyes around and within.” Perhaps growing up you felt like your mom had eyes in the back of her head because she always seemed to know what you were doing. Well, these creatures do with even more both in front and in back and on both sides of their six wings. ◘These living beings are not omniscient, but with that many eyes located in so many places they observe everything. These living beings are similar to the ones described in Ezekiel 1 and 10 in having many eyes, but those Cherubim only had four wings and these have six wings like the Seraphim in Isaiah’s vision of heaven (Isaiah 6).
◘John uses simile to describe the other characteristics of these living beings. The first was like a lion, the second like a calf, the third had a face like a man, and the fourth was like an eagle. These living beings were not those things, but that was the best description John could give of their appearance. Again, these descriptions are similar to the cherubim in Ezekiel 1 & 10 but different enough to conclude these living beings are not the same as those (In Ezekiel it is only the faces and one is the face of a cherub or an ox instead of a calf).
There is much speculation as to the significance of the resemblance of one of these living beings to each of these animals and the face of a man. That ranges from equating them with the four gospels one way or another, certain attributes of God, the four points of the compass, and even the standards of four or the tribes of Israel. None of those ideas survive scrutiny. What can be concluded by John’s descriptions is ◘1) Their close proximity to God throne shows that they are an exalted order of angelic beings distinct from other orders of angels. ◘2) That proximity plus their many eyes and the judicial nature of the throne of God indicates they have something to do with judicial authority. ◘3) Their particular appearance has some significance related to that and their position and purpose. This becomes somewhat speculative, but the general metaphorical uses of these animals in Scripture and in the ancient world result in the following. ◘The lion represents royalty or nobility. The word calf here is consistently translated as ox in the LXX (Septuagint) regardless of age and it represents strength. The human face represents intelligence and reason, and the eagle represents swiftness.
◘Their Activity (8b) The activity of the four living beings is described at the end of verse 4, “and day and night they do not cease to say, ‘Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God, the Almighty, who was and who is and who is to come.’” The number and appearance of the Seraphim in Isaiah 6 are not described other than having six wings and standing above the throne of Yahweh, but this is the same activity as them and even close to the same wording.
These living beings offer praise to God “day and night” without ceasing their declaration of God’s character and nature. ◘This does not preclude them from carrying out other responsibilities pointed out in Revelation such as summoning each horse and rider in the first four judgments in chapter 6 (1, 3, 5, 7), or giving the bowls of wrath to the seven angels (Rev. 15:7). ◘This refers to the kind of time in which they are engaged in giving tribute to God, day and night, and not the length of time. That is their continual activity whenever they are not carrying out some other aspect of God’s will for them.
◘The content of what they say focuses on God’s holiness, omnipotence and eternality. God is thrice holy, perhaps a reference to God being triune – Father, Son and Holy Spirit – or repetition for emphasis. Holiness carries a connotation of purity for God has a separation from all of creation for He is a being that is other than anything in creation. He is not and cannot be contaminated by anything in creation for He is separate by His very attributes. ◘The Lord God, the master and supreme being, is “the almighty” which is the same title used in 1:8 and six more times in relationship to actions of His wrath against sin (11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15). ◘He is also the eternal one “who was and who is and who is to come” which refers to self existence in the past, present and future.
◘Worship in Heaven – Revelation 4:9-11
In verse 9 the view begins to step back a bit from the focus on the four living beings to include what their actions prompt.
Worship by the Living Beings (9) 9 “And when the living creatures give glory and honor and thanks to Him who sits on the throne, to Him who lives forever and ever . . .” This is an indefinite temporal clause pointing to repetition. Whenever the living beings carry out their own actions of worship of God they prompt the same in others. ◘This is something they do periodically over and over again. Glory is dovxa / doxa from which we derive our word “doxology.” To give glory is to extol the attributes of God such as His splendor and power. In this scene in heaven God’s splendor, holiness, power, eternality and wrath are all on display. ◘Honor is timhv / timā and is to assign worth due to position or status. In this scene in heaven God is in the central position being seated on His throne and exalted as all the attention and activities are focused on Him. ◘Thanksgiving is to express gratitude for benefits and blessings. In this scene it will be primarily for creation.
The four living creatures give glory, honor and thanks to “Him who sits on the throne,” which is the exalted position around which all three elements of worship will focus. These are given “to Him who lives forever and ever . . .” which again places an emphasis on God’s eternal nature.
◘Worship by the Twenty-Four Elders (10-11). The response to this is in verse 10, “the twenty-four elders will fall down before Him who sits on the throne, and will worship Him who lives forever and ever, and will cast their crowns before the throne, saying . . .” John again describes God in reference to His position of being seated on His throne with an emphasis on His eternal nature once again. ◘To fall down is an act of worship for it demands a complete humility before the one being worshiped in reverence for His exalted position over you. Revelation reveals the twenty-four elders will do this four more times sometimes with the living beings, sometimes with other angels and sometimes by themselves. Satan wanted Jesus to fall down and worship him for that would mean that Jesus, God in human flesh, was placing Himself in a lower position and exalting Satan. That would have completely overturned the proper order of the universe with God the creator exalting Satan, a created being, over Himself. Only God is to be worshiped. This act of worship is one of reverence and homage.
◘The second act of worship described here is their casting their crowns before the throne of God. This is a voluntary surrender of their own honor and prestige in order to further exalt the holy and eternal God who is judge over everything.
The final act of worship in this chapter is in what they say, 11 “Worthy are You, our Lord and our God, to receive glory and honor and power; for You created all things, and because of Your will they existed, and were created.” ◘This begins with a declaration of God’s worthiness followed by the reasons He is worthy of such worship. ◘First He is both their Lord and God. While the word Lord (kuvrioV / kurios can be used as a simple term of respect equivalent to the English, “sir,” this statement is “our Lord and our God” and signifies He is master and the supreme supernatural being. It places themselves under Him as His slaves. Because He is in such an exalted position God is worthy to receive glory, honor and power. Glory and honor is the same as stated by the four living beings. Power is substituted for thanksgiving here reflecting the shift to focus to God’s works of creation. ◘God is worthy because He created all things and it is only though His will that all things came to be and they were created. The last two phrases give an insight into all things coming into existence first in the mind and will of God and then in physical time and space through His action of creation.
◘Conclusions
You may have noticed that there is no reference to redemption in this chapter at all. That does not occur until chapter 5. ◘The focus of this first view of the throne of God is that He who sits on it is the holy, omnipotent and eternal judge. The objects in His throne room add to His majesty and He is surrounded by angelic beings that are far beyond us mere mortal humans and they do homage to worship Him simply because He is the creator of all. Symbols of His power and wrath are already on display in His appearance and emanating from His throne. The actions of His coming wrath against those that do not worship and obey Him will be entirely justified.
◘Revelation 4 is a first warning to proud, arrogant and sinful mankind to humble themselves before their creator as do as the majestic angelic beings. ◘The example of the twenty-four elders and the four living beings is also a reminder to the redeemed that worship of God is to be a central focus of our lives. Do not allow it to be a half-hearted after thought when it is convenient. Do not allow worship of God to shift to your own thoughts and feeling about it because it is not about you. Render to Him the sacrifice of praise, and in whatever you do including the most mundane things of daily life, do all for the glory of God.
Sermon Notes – April 13, 2025
The Throne Room of God – Revelation 4:1-11
Introduction
Revelation 4:1-11
What John Experienced – Revelation 4:1-2a
A Door & A Voice
The Command & The Revelation
The Throne & He Who Was Sitting on It – Revelation 4:2b-3
The Location
The One Sitting on the Throne
The Rainbow
Around the Throne – Revelation 4:4
From Out of the Throne – Revelation 4:5a
Before the Throne – Revelation 4:5b-6a
The Seven Lamps
The Something
The Living Beings – Revelation 4:6b-8
Their Position & Appearance (6b-8a)
Their Activity (8b)
Worship in Heaven – Revelation 4:9-11
Worship by the Living Beings (9)
Worship by the Twenty-Four Elders (10-11)
Conclusions
KIDS KORNER – Parents, you are responsible to apply God’s Word to your children’s lives. Here is some help. Young Children – draw a picture about something you hear during the sermon. Explain your picture(s) to your parents at lunch. Older Children – Do one or more of the following:1) Count how many times a reference is made to God. 2) Talk with your parents about the appearance of God in Revelation 4 and what that reveals about Him.
THINK ABOUT IT – Questions to consider in understanding the sermon and its application. What did you learn from the study of the letters to the seven churches that you can apply in your own life? Where was John when he saw the vision of the open in heaven? What happened to John when he was commanded to “Come up here”? When do the things described in chapter 4 take place? Where is the location of the throne that John sees? Why is that important? What is a simile? What similes are used in verse 3? What is a jasper stone and what might it represent? What is a sardius and what might it represent? What is a green rainbow, what is its shape, and what could it represent? Where are the 24 thrones? Who is sitting in them? What arguments are in favor of these being humans? What arguments are in favor of these being angles? How would them being human or angels affect the meaning of their actions? What is the importance of the lightning, sounds and peals of thunder coming from the throne? Where else did similar phenomena occur in association with God’s presence? What are the seven lamps and what do they represent? What can be understood from the appearance of the something like a sea of glass, like crystal? What might be the meaning and importance of it? What is directly described about the living beings in verses 6-8? What similes are used to describe them? What would the many eyes indicate? What does their proximity to the throne indicate? What might the similes represent? What do they do? What is the significance of what they say? What do the 24 elders do in response? What is the significance in what they say? How is Revelation 4 a warning to sinners? What is its message to believers?
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